Outline of Finance

Essence of finance

The term finance may incorporate any of the following:

* The study of money and other assets
* The management and control of those assets
* Profiling and managing project risks
* As a verb, "to finance" is to provide funds for business.

[edit] Branches of finance

* Personal finance
* Corporate finance
* Public finance
* Project Finance
* Trade finance

[edit] Fundamental financial concepts

* Finance an overview
o Arbitrage
o Capital (economics)
o Capital asset pricing model
o Cash flow
o Cash flow matching
o Debt
+ Default
+ Consumer debt
+ Debt consolidation
+ Debt settlement
+ Credit counseling
+ Bankruptcy
+ Debt diet
+ Debt-snowball method
o Discounted cash flow
o Financial capital
+ Funding
o Financial modeling
o Entrepreneur
+ Entrepreneurship
o Fixed income analysis
o Gap financing
o Hedge
+ Basis risk
o Interest rate
+ Risk-free interest rate
+ Term structure of interest rates
o Short rate model
+ Vasicek model
+ Cox-Ingersoll-Ross model
+ Hull-White model
+ Chen model
+ Black-Derman-Toy model
o Interest
+ Effective interest rate
+ Nominal interest rate
+ Interest rate basis
+ Fisher equation
+ Crowding out
+ Annual percentage rate
+ Interest coverage ratio
o Investment
+ Foreign direct investment
+ Gold as an investment
+ Over-investing
o Leverage
o Locked-in value
o Long (finance)
o Liquidity
o Margin (finance)
o Mark to future
o Mark to market
o Market Impact
o Medium of exchange
o Microcredit
o Money creation
o Money
+ Currency
+ Coin
+ Banknote
+ Counterfeit
o Portfolio
+ Modern portfolio theory
o Reference rate
+ Reset
o Return
+ Absolute return
+ Investment performance
+ Relative return
o Right-financing
o Risk
+ Risk management
+ Risk measure
# Coherent risk measure
# Spectral risk measure
# Value at Risk
o Scenario analysis
o Short (finance)
o Speculation
+ Day trading
o Position trader
o Spread
o Standard of deferred payment
o Store of value
o Time horizon
o Time value of money
+ Discounting
+ Present value
+ Future value
+ Net present value
+ Internal rate of return
+ Modified internal rate of return
+ Annuity
+ Perpetuity
o Unit of account
o Volatility
o Yield
o Yield curve

[edit] History of finance

* Tulip mania 1620s/1630s
* South Sea Bubble & Mississipi Company 1710s; see also Stock market bubble
* Panic of 1837
* Railway mania 1840s
* Erie War 1860s
* Long Depression 1873 to 1896
* Post-WWI hyperinflation; see Hyperinflation and Inflation in the Weimar Republic
* Wall Street Crash 1929
* Great Depression 1930s
* Oil Shock 1973
* 1979 energy crisis
* Notable Bankrupts
* Savings and Loan Crisis 1980s
* Black Monday 1987
* Asian financial crisis 1990s
* Dot-com bubble 1995-2001
* Stock market downturn of 2002
* United States housing bubble 2001-

[edit] Finance terms, by field

[edit] Accounting (financial record keeping)

Main articles: Accounting and List of accounting topics

* Auditing
* Accounting software
* Book keeping
* FASB
* Financial accountancy
o Financial statements
+ Balance sheet
+ Cash flow statement
+ Income statement
* Management accounting
* Philosophy of Accounting
* Working capital

[edit] Banking

* Anonymous banking
* Automatic teller machine
* Deposit
* Deposit creation multiplier
* Loan
o Pre-qualification
o Pre-approval
o Subprime
* Withdrawal

[edit] Corporate finance
Main article: Corporate finance

* Balance sheet analysis
o Financial ratio
* Business plan
* Capital budgeting
o Capital investment decisions
o The investment decision
+ Business valuation
+ Stock valuation
+ Fundamental analysis
+ Real options
+ Valuation topics
+ Fisher separation theorem
o The financing decision
+ Capital structure
+ Cost of capital
+ Weighted average cost of capital
+ Modigliani-Miller theorem
o The Dividend Decision
+ Dividend
+ Dividend tax
+ Dividend yield
+ Modigliani-Miller theorem
* Corporate action
* Managerial finance
o Management accounting
* Mergers and acquisitions
o leveraged buyout
o takeover
o corporate raid
* Real options
* Return on investment
o Return on assets
o Return on equity
o Return on capital
* Working capital management
o cash conversion cycle
o Return on capital
o Economic value added
o Just In Time
o Economic order quantity
o Discounts and allowances
o Factoring (trade)

[edit] Investment management

* Fund management
o Active management
o Efficient market hypothesis
o Portfolio
o Modern portfolio theory
+ Capital asset pricing model
o Arbitrage pricing theory
o Passive management
+ Index fund
o Activist shareholder
o Mutual fund
+ Open-end fund
+ Closed-end fund
+ List of mutual-fund families
o Financial engineering
+ Long-Term Capital Management
o Hedge fund
o Hedge
* Visualization of Financial Implications

[edit] Personal finance
Main article: Personal finance

* 529 plan (college savings)
* Budget
* Coverdell Education Savings Account (Coverdell ESAs, formerly known as Education IRAs)
* Credit and debt
o Credit card
o Debt consolidation
o Mortgage loan
+ Continuous-repayment mortgage
* Debit card
* Direct deposit
* Employment contract
o Commission
o Employee stock option
o Employee or fringe benefit
o Health insurance
o Paycheck
o Salary
o Wage
* Financial literacy
* Insurance
* Predatory lending
* Retirement plan
o 401(a)
o 401(k)
o 403(b)
o 457 plan
o Keogh plan
o Individual Retirement Account
+ Roth IRA
+ Traditional IRA
+ SEP IRA
+ SIMPLE IRA
+ Conduit IRA
o Pension
* Social security
* Tax advantage
* Wealth
* Comparison of accounting software
* Personal financial management
o Comparison of personal financial management online tools
* Investment club
* Collective investment scheme
* Car financing

[edit] Public finance
Main article: Public finance

* Central bank
* Federal Reserve
* Fractional-reserve banking
o Deposit creation multiplier
* Tax
o Income tax
o Payroll tax
o Sales tax
o Tax advantage
o Tax, tariff and trade
* crowding out
* Industrial policy
* Agricultural policy
* Currency union
* Monetary reform

[edit] Insurance
Main article: Insurance

* Actuarial science
* Annuities
* Catastrophe modeling
* Earthquake loss
* Extended coverage
* Insurable interest
* Insurable risk
* Insurance
o Health insurance
+ Injury cover
+ Disability insurance
+ Flexible spending account
+ Health savings account
+ Long term care insurance
+ Medical savings account
o Life insurance
+ Life insurance tax shelter
+ Permanent life insurance
+ Term life insurance
+ Universal life insurance
+ Variable universal life insurance
+ Whole life insurance
o Property insurance
+ Auto insurance
+ Boiler insurance
+ Earthquake insurance
+ Home insurance
+ Title insurance
+ Pet insurance
o Casualty insurance
+ Business continuation insurance
+ Fidelity bond
+ Liability insurance
# Personal umbrella liability policy
# Commercial general liability policy
+ Political risk insurance
+ Surety bond
+ Terrorism insurance
o Credit insurance
o Reinsurance
o Self insurance
o Travel insurance
* Insurance contract
* Risk Retention Group

[edit] Economics and finance

* Economic growth
* Financial economics
* Mathematical economics
* Managerial economics
* Utility theory

[edit] Mathematics and finance

[edit] Time value of money
Main article: Time value of money

* Present value
* Future value
* Discounting
* Net present value
* Internal rate of return
* Annuity
* Perpetuity

[edit] Financial mathematics
Main article: Financial mathematics

[edit] Mathematical tools

* Probability
o Probability distribution
+ Binomial distribution
+ Log-normal distribution
+ Poisson distribution

* Expected value
* Value at risk
o CVaR
o Cash at risk
* Risk-neutral measure

* Stochastic calculus
o Markov process
o Brownian motion
o Itô's lemma
o Girsanov's theorem
o Radon-Nikodym derivative
o Martingale representation theorem
o Feynman-Kac formula
o Dynkin's formula
o Stochastic differential equations

* Monte Carlo methods in finance
o Monte Carlo methods for option pricing
o Quasi-Monte Carlo methods in finance

* Partial differential equations
o Heat equation
o Finite difference method

* Volatility
o ARCH model
o GARCH model

[edit] Derivatives pricing

Main article: Derivatives pricing

* Rational pricing assumptions
o Risk neutral valuation
o Arbitrage free pricing

* Futures
o Futures contract pricing

* Options (and Real options)
o Black-Scholes formula
o Black model
o Binomial options model
o Monte Carlo methods for option pricing
o The Greeks
o Volatility
+ Implied volatility
+ Historical volatility
+ Stochastic volatility
+ Volatility smile
# Volatility surface
# SABR Volatility Model

* Swaps
o Swap Valuation

* Interest rate derivatives
o Short-rate models (used in pricing bond options, swaptions and other interest rate derivatives)
+ Rendleman-Bartter model
+ Vasicek model
+ Ho-Lee model
+ Hull-White model
+ Cox-Ingersoll-Ross model
+ Black-Karasinski model
+ Black-Derman-Toy model
+ Longstaff-Schwartz model
+ Chen model

[edit] Constraint finance

* Creditary economics
* Environmental finance
* Feminist economics
* Green economics
* Islamic economics
* Uneconomic growth
* Value of Earth
* Value of life

[edit] Virtual finance

* Virtual finance

[edit] Financial markets

[edit] Market and instruments

* Capital markets
* Securities
* Financial markets
* Primary market
* Initial public offering
* Aftermarket
* Free market
* Bull market
* Bear market
* Bear market rally
* Market maker
* Dow Jones Industrial Average
* Nasdaq
* List of stock exchanges
* List of stock market indices
* List of corporations by market capitalization

[edit] Equity market
Main article: Equity market

* Stock market
* Stock
* Common stock
* Preferred stock
* Treasury stock
* Equity investment
* Index investing
* Private Equity
* Financial reports and statements
* Fundamental analysis
* Dividend
* Dividend yield
* Stock split

[edit] Equity valuation
Main article: Equity valuation

* Dow Theory
* Elliott Wave Theory
* Economic value added
* Gordon model
* Growth stock
* Mergers and acquisitions
* Leveraged buyout
* Takeover
* Corporate raid
* PE ratio
* Market capitalization
* Income per share
* Stock valuation
* Technical analysis
* Chart patterns
* V-trend

[edit] Investment theory
Main article: Investment theory

* Behavioral finance
* Dead cat bounce
* Efficient market hypothesis
* Market microstructure
* Stock market crash
* Stock market bubble
* January effect
* Mark Twain effect
* Quantitative behavioral finance
* Quantitative analyst
* Statistical arbitrage

[edit] Bond market
Main article: Bond market

* Bond (finance)
* Zero-coupon bond
* Junk bonds
* Convertible bond
* Accrual bond
* Municipal bond
* Sovereign bond
* Bond valuation
o Yield to maturity
o Bond duration
o Bond convexity
* Fixed income

[edit] Money market
Main article: Money market

* Repurchase agreement
* International Money Market
* Currency
* Exchange rate
* International currency codes
* Table of historical exchange rates

[edit] Commodity market
Main article: Commodity market

* Commodity
o Asset
o Commodity Futures Trading Commission
o Day trading
o Drawdowns
o Forfaiting
o Fundamental analysis
o Futures contract
o Fungibility
o Gold as an investment
o Hedging
o Jesse Lauriston Livermore
o List of traded commodities
o MACD
o Ownership equity
o Position trader
o Risk (Futures)
o Seasonal traders
o Seasonal spread trading
o Slippage
o Speculation
o Spread
o Technical analysis
+ Breakout
+ Bear market
+ Bottom (technical analysis)
+ Bull market
+ Moving average
+ Open Interest
+ Parabolic SAR
+ Point and figure charts
+ Resistance
+ RSI
+ Stochastic oscillator
+ Stop loss
+ Support
+ Top (technical analysis)
o Trade
o Trend

[edit] Derivatives market
Main article: Derivatives market

* Derivative (finance)
* (see also Financial mathematics topics; Derivatives pricing)
* Underlying instrument

[edit] Forward markets and contracts
Main article: Forward market

* Forward contract

[edit] Futures markets and contracts
Main article: Futures market

* Backwardation
* Contango
* Futures contract
o Currency futures
o Financial futures
o Interest rate futures
o Futures exchange

[edit] Option markets and contracts
Main article: Option market

* Options
o Stock option
+ Box spread
+ Call option
+ Put option
+ Strike price
+ Put-call parity
+ The Greeks
+ Black-Scholes formula
+ Black model
+ Binomial options model
+ Implied volatility
+ Option time value
+ Moneyness
# At-the-money
# In-the-money
# Out-of-the-money
+ Straddle
+ Option style
# Vanilla option
# Exotic option
# Binary option
# European option
* Interest rate floor
* Interest rate cap
# Bermudan option
# American option
# Quanto option
# Asian option
+ Employee stock option
o Warrants
o Foreign exchange option
o Interest rate options
o Bond options
o Real options
o Options on futures

[edit] Swap markets and contracts
Main article: Swap market

* Swap (finance)
o Interest rate swap
o Basis swap
o Asset swap
o Forex swap
o Stock swap
o Equity swaps
o Currency swap
o Variance swap

see: w:Swap (finance)

[edit] Derivative markets by underlyings

[edit] Equity derivatives
Main article: Equity derivative

* Accelerated Market Participation Securities (AMPS)
* Accelerated Return Equity Securities (ARES)
* Asset Return Obligation Securities (ASTROS)
* Automatic Common Exchange Securities (ACES)
* Basket Adjusting Structured Equity Securities (BASES)
* Basket Opportunity Exchangeable Securities (BOXES)
* Bifurcated Option Note Unit Securities (BONUSES)
* Broad Index Guarded Equity-Linked Securities (BRIDGES)
* Canadian Originated Preferred Securities (COPrS)
* Closed-end fund
* Commodity-Indexed Preferred Securities (ComPS)
* Common-Linked Higher Income Participation Securities (CHIPS)
* Common stock
* Convertible Contingent Debt Securities (CODES)
* Corporate-Backed Trust Securities (CorTS)
* Corporate Obligation Basket Listed Trust Securities (COBALTS)
* Currency Protected Notes (CPNS), (SPNS)
* Currency Protected Securities (CPS)
* Customized Upside Basket Securities (CUBS)
* Debt Exchangeable for Common Stock (DECS)
* Equity Growth Long-Term Strategy (EGLS)
* Enhanced Equity-Linked Debt Securities (ELKS)
* Enhanced Income Securities (EISs)
* Enhanced Stock Index Growth Notes (E-SIGNS)
* Equity Providing Preferred Income Convertible Securities (EPPICS)
* Exchange Preferred Income Cumulative Shares (EPICS)
* Exchange-traded fund (ETF)
* Exchangeable Capital Units (ExCaps)
* Foreign Currency Return Notes (FORENS)
* Global Bond Linked Securities (GLOBELS)
* Hybrid Income Securities Units (HITS)
* Income Deposit Securities (IDS)
* Inverse exchange-traded fund
* Leading Stockmarket Return Securities (LASERS)
* Leveraged Upside Indexed Accelerated Return Securities (LUNARS)
* Liquid Yield Option Notes (Zero Cupon) (LYONS)
* Mandatorily Exchangeable Debt Securities MEDS)
* Mandatory Adjustable Redeemable Convertible Securities (MARCS)
* Market Index Target Term Securities (MITTS)
* Market Participation Securities (MPS)
* Medium Term Equity Related Investment Securities (MERITS)
* Monthly Income Debt Securities (MIDS)
* Monthly Income Preferred Securities (MIPS)
* Participating Index Notes (PINS)
* Performance Equity-Linked Redemption Quarterly Pay Securities (PERQS)
* Performance Equity-Return Linked Securities (PERKS)
* Performance Leveraged Upside Securities (PLUS)
* Principal Accruing Enhanced Return Securities (PACERS)
* Preferred Equity Redemption Cumulative Stock (PERCS)
* Preferred Income Equity Redeemable Shares (PIERS)
* Preferred Redeemable Increased Dividend Equity Securities (PRIDES)
* Preferred stock
* Premium Equity Participating Securities (PEPS)
* Premium Income Equity Securities (PIES)
* Protected Exchangeable Equity-Linked Securities (PEEQS)
* Protected Growth Securities (ProGroS)
* Protected Performance Equity Linked Securities (PROPELS)
* Public Credit & Repackaged Securities (PCARS)
* Public Income Notes (PINES)
* Putable Automatic Rate Reset Securities (PARRS)
* Quarterly Income Capital Securities (QUICS)
* Quarterly Income Debt Securities (QUIDS)
* Quarterly Income Preferred Securities (QUIPS)
* Quarterly Interest Bond (QUIB)
* Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT)
* Reset Put Securities (REPS)
* Return Enhanced Convertible Securities (RECONS)
* Rights
* Risk Adjusting Equity Range Securities (RANGERS)
* Secure Principal Energy Receipts (SPERS)
* Select Equity Indexed Notes (SEQUINS)
* Senior Quarterly Income Debt Securities (SQUIDS)
* Shared Preference Redeemable Securities (SpuRS)
* Shares of Beneficial Interest (SBI)
* Step-Up Increasing Redeemable Equity Notes (SIRENS)
* Step-Up REIT Securities (StREITs)
* Stock Appreciation Income-Linked Securities (SAILS)
* Stock market Annual Reset Term (Notes) (SMART)
* Stock Participation Accreting Redemption Quarterly-pay Securities (SPARQS)
* Stock Return Income Debt Securities (STRIDES)
* Stock Upside Note Securities (SUNS)
* Structured Asset Trust Unit Repackaging (SATURNS)
* Structured Repackaged Asset-Backed Trust Securities (STRATS)
* Structured Yield Product Exchangeable for Common Stock (STRYPES)
* Subordinated Capital Income Securities (SKIS)
* Target Return Investment Growth Securities (TRIGGERS)
* Targeted Efficient Equity Securities (TEES)
* Targeted Growth Enhanced Terms Securities (TARGETS)
* Term Convertible Securities (TECONS)
* Threshold Appreciation Price Securities (TAPS)
* Trust Automatic Common Exchange Securities (TRACES)
* Trust Certificate (TRUC)
* Trust Investment Enhanced Return Securities (TIERS)
* Trust Issued Mandatory Exchange Securities (TIMES)
* Trust Originated Preferred Securities (TOPrS)
* Trust Preferred Stock (TruPs)
* Trust Units Exchangeable for Preference Shares (TrUEPrS)
* Warrants
* Warrants & Income Redeemable Equity Securities (WIRES)
* Yield Enhanced Equity-Linked Debt Securities (YEELDS)
* Yield Enhanced Stock (YES)

[edit] Interest rate derivatives
Main article: Interest rate derivative

* LIBOR
* Forward rate agreement
* Interest rate swap
* Interest rate cap
* Exotic interest rate option
* Bond option
* Forward rate agreement
* Interest rate future
* Money market instruments
* Interest rate swap
* Range accrual Swaps/Notes/Bonds
* In-arrears Swap
* Constant maturity swap (CMS) or constant treasury swap (CTS) derivatives (swaps, caps, floors)
* Interest rate Swaption
* Bermudan swaptions
* Cross currency swaptions
* Power Reverse Dual Currency note (PRDC or Turbo)
* Target redemption note (TARN)
* CMS steepener
* Snowball
* Inverse floater
* Strips of Collateralized mortgage obligation
* Ratchet caps and floors

[edit] Credit derivatives
Main article: Credit derivative

* Credit default swap
* Collateralized debt obligation
* Credit default option
* Total return swap
* Securitization

[edit] Foreign exchange derivative
Main article: Foreign exchange derivative

* Foreign exchange option
* Currency future
* Forex swap
* Foreign exchange hedge
* Binary option: Foreign exchange

[edit] Financial regulation

* Corporate governance
* Financial regulation
o Bank regulation
+ Banking license
* License

[edit] Designations and accreditation

* Certified Financial Planner
* Chartered Financial Analyst
o CFA Institute
* Chartered Financial Consultant
* Canadian Securities Institute
* Independent Financial Adviser
o Chartered Insurance Institute
* Financial Risk Manager
* Chartered Accountant

[edit] Fraud

* Forex scam
* Insider trading
* Legal origins theory
* Petition mill
* Ponzi scheme

[edit] Industry bodies

* International Swaps and Derivatives Association
* National Association of Securities Dealers

[edit] Regulatory bodies

* Autorité des marchés financiers
* Bank for International Settlements
* Canadian securities regulation

[edit] United Kingdom

* Financial Services Authority (UK)

[edit] European Union

* European Securities Committee (EU)
* Committee of European Securities Regulators (EU)

[edit] United States

* Commodity Futures Trading Commission (U.S.)
* Federal Reserve
* Federal Trade Commission
* Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (US)
* Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (US)
* Securities and Exchange Commission

[edit] United States legislation

* Glass-Steagall Act (US)
* Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (US)
* Sarbanes-Oxley Act (US)
* Securities Act of 1933 (US)
* Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (US)
* Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (US)
* USA PATRIOT Act


[edit] Actuarial topics

* Actuarial topics

[edit] Asset types

* Real Estate
* Securities
* Commodities
* Futures

[edit] Raising capital

* Debt
* Factor

* Securities
o Initial public offering

[edit] Valuation

* Value (economics)
* Fair value
* Intrinsic value
* "The Theory of Investment Value"

[edit] Discounted cash flow valuation
Main article: Discounted cash flow

* Cash flow
o Operating cash flow
* Time value of money
o Present value
o Future value
o Actualization
o Discounting
* Bond valuation
o Yield to maturity
o Duration
o Convexity
* Equity valuation
o Equivalent Annual Cost
o Net present value
o Discount rate
+ Capital Asset Pricing Model
+ Arbitrage pricing theory
+ Cost of capital
+ Weighted average cost of capital
o Fundamental analysis
o Stock valuation
o Business valuation
o The investment decision

[edit] Relative valuation

* Dividend yield
* Financial ratio
* Market-based valuation
* PE ratio
* Relative valuation
* Stock image
* Stock profile

[edit] Contingent claim valuation

See derivatives pricing below.


[edit] Financial software tools

* Straight Through Processing Software
* Technical Analysis Software
* Algorithmic trading
* List of numerical analysis software
* Comparison of numerical analysis software

[edit] Financial institutions

Financial institutions

* Bank
o List of banks
+ List of banks in Canada
+ List of banks in Hong Kong
+ List of banks in Singapore
+ List of bank mergers in United States
o Advising bank
o Central bank
+ List of central banks
o Commercial bank
o Community development bank
o Cooperative bank
o Custodian bank
o Depository bank
o Investment bank
o Islamic banking
o Merchant bank
o Microcredit
o Mutual bank
o Mutual savings bank
o National bank
o Offshore bank
o Private bank
o Savings bank
o Swiss bank
* Bank holding company
* Building society
* Clearing house
* Commercial lender
* Community development financial institution
* Credit rating agency
* Credit union
* Diversified financial
* Edge Act Corporation
* Export Credit Agencies
* Financial adviser
* Financial intermediary
* Financial planner
* Futures exchange
o List of futures exchanges
* Government sponsored enterprise
* Hard money lender
* Independent Financial Adviser
* Industrial loan company
* Insurance regulatory
* Insurance company
* Investment adviser
* Investment company
* Investment trust
* Large and Complex Financial Institutions
* Mutual fund
* Non-banking financial company
* Prime brokerage
* Retail broker
* Savings and loan association
* Stock broker
* Stock exchange
o List of stock exchanges
* Trust company

[edit] Persons influential in the field of finance

* List of corporate leaders

[edit] Finance scholars

* List of economists